ʻO ka pauka kālā nano i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (HW-A110) e pili ana i ke kala metala me ka nui o ka nui o ka nanometer, maʻamau mai 20nm, 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, a ʻike ʻia me he pauda ʻeleʻele hina hina. He mea hana ia i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka uila, ʻenekinia kemika, a me nā mea. ʻO kāna kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau a me ka maikaʻi he hopena nui i ka hana o ka huahana hope.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pauka kālā me ke kōkua ultrasound homogenizer e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ultrasound i loko o kahi moku pane a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hopena oxidation-reduction ma lalo o ka wikiwiki wikiwiki e hoʻoulu i ka pauda kālā. ʻO ka hopena cavitation o ka ultrasonic homogenizer mixer a me ka mechanical shear force i hana ʻia e ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā surfactants e hoʻohana ʻia e wāwahi i ka nui o nā ʻōpū i loko o nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o nā ʻōhū liʻiliʻi e like me ka nuclei aniani i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pane, he mea maikaʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana aniani kālā liʻiliʻi. Ma lalo o ka mana o ka ikehu o ka ʻili, hoʻohui ʻia nā hua i loko o ka pauka kālā spherical porous. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka i hana ʻia, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi hopena uhi, a hoʻohana ʻia nā micro nano bubbles e hana i nā ʻāpana me nā anawaena liʻiliʻi.