ʻO ka noi mua ʻana o ka ultrasound i ka biochemistry e wāwahi i ka paia o ke kelepona me ka ultrasound e hoʻokuʻu i kāna mau mea.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ma hope e hiki i ka ultrasound haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke hāpai i ke kaʻina hana biochemical.No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ultrasonic irradiation o ke kumu waiwai wai ke hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o nā pūnaewele algal, pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka protein i hana ʻia e kēia mau cell i ʻekolu manawa.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui o ka ikehu o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu cavitation, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu o ke kahua kani kani ultrasonic e nā trillions o nā manawa, ka hopena i ka nui o ka ikehu;ʻO nā hanana Sonochemical a me ka sonoluminescence i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi i hana ʻia e nā ʻōpū cavitation he ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka ikehu a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea i sonochemistry.No laila, ultrasound pāʻani he increasingly koʻikoʻi kuleana i loko o kemika unuhi, biodiesel hana, organic synthesis, microbial lapaʻau, degradation o nā meaʻawaʻawaʻawaʻawa pollutants, kemika pane wikiwiki a me ka hua, catalytic pono o ka catalyst, biodegradation lapaʻau, kani ultrasonic unahiʻole a me ka wehe 'ana, biological cell crushing. , dispersion a agglomeration, a me ka sonochemical reaction.

1. kani ultrasonic hoʻonui kemika hoʻololi.

Hoʻonui kemika i ke kani kani.ʻO ka ikaika hoʻokele nui he ultrasonic cavitation.ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka cavitating bubble core e hoʻopuka i ka wela kiʻekiʻe kūloko, ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena ikaika a me ka micro jet, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi kūlana kino hou a kūikawā loa no nā hopena kemika paʻakikī a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic pane.

E like me ka hou noiʻi kahua, kani ultrasonic catalytic reaction ua hoihoi hou a oi hoihoi.ʻO nā hopena nui o ka ultrasound ma ka hopena catalytic:

(1) ʻO ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e kōkua i ka haki ʻana o nā reactants i nā radical manuahi a me ke kalapona divalent, e hana ana i nā ʻano ʻano hoʻoikaika ikaika;

(2) Loaʻa ka hawewe haʻalulu a me ka micro jet i nā hopena desorption a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma luna o ka ʻili paʻa (e like me ka catalyst), hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā huahana hopena a i ʻole nā ​​mea waena a me ka catalyst surface passivation layer;

(3) Hiki i ka nalu ha'alulu ke ho'opau i ka hana reactant

(4) Pūnaehana reactant dispersed;

(5) Hoʻopau ka ultrasonic cavitation i ka ʻili metala, a ke alakaʻi nei ka hawewe haʻalulu i ka deformation o ka lattice metala a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻāpana kūloko kūloko, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana kemika o ka metala;

6) E hoʻoikaika i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe e komo i loko o ka paʻa e hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo inclusion reaction;

(7) No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka dispersion o ka catalyst, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ultrasonic i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka catalyst.Hiki i ka Ultrasonic irradiation ke hoʻonui i ka ʻili o ka catalyst, e hoʻopuehu i nā mea hana a hoʻonui i ka hana catalytic.

3. Ultrasonic polymer kemika

Ka noi o kani ultrasonic maikaʻi polymer kemika ua huki nui noonoo.Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā macromolecules, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā polymers molecular kaumaha.Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻia ka cellulose, ka gelatin, ka pulupulu a me ka protein e ka lāʻau ultrasonic.I kēia manawa, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ka mīkini hoʻohaʻahaʻa ultrasonic ma muli o ka hopena o ka ikaika a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e pohā ai ka ʻōpū cavitation, a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka degradation ma muli o ka hopena o ka wela.Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki i ka mana ultrasound ke hoʻomaka i ka polymerization.Hiki i ka irradiation ultrasound ikaika ke hoʻomaka i ka copolymerization o ka waiʻona polyvinyl a me ka acrylonitrile e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā copolymers poloka, a me ka copolymerization o polyvinyl acetate a me ka polyethylene oxide e hana i nā copolymers graft.

4. Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻenehana hoʻololi kemika hou e ke kahua kani ultrasonic

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻenehana hoʻonaninani hou a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahua kani ultrasonic kekahi alakaʻi hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe i ke kula o ke kemika kani ultrasonic.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka wai supercritical e like me ke ʻano, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kahua kani ultrasonic e hoʻoikaika i ka hopena catalytic.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wai supercritical ka mānoanoa like me ka wai a me ka viscosity a me ka diffusion coefficient e like me ke kinoea, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻana me ka wai a me kona hiki ke hoʻololi nui i ke kinoea.Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka deactivation o heterogeneous catalyst ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka solubility maikaʻi a me nā waiwai diffusion o ka wai supercritical, akā ʻaʻole ia he icing ma ka keke inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kahua kani ultrasonic e hoʻoikaika ai.ʻO ka nalu haʻalulu a me ka micro jet i hana ʻia e ka ultrasonic cavitation ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka wai supercritical e hoʻopau i kekahi mau mea e alakaʻi ai i ka catalyst deactivation, e pāʻani i ka hana o ka desorption a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a mālama i ka catalyst ikaika no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ke pāʻani pū i ka ka hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hiki ke hoʻopuehu i ka ʻōnaehana pane, a hana i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai supercritical i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe ma ka wahi kūloko i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ultrasonic cavitation e kōkua i ka haki ʻana o nā reactants i loko o nā radical manuahi a wikiwiki loa i ka hopena.I kēia manawa, nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hopena kemika o ka wai supercritical, akā kakaikahi nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ia ʻano hana e ke kahua kani ultrasonic.

5. noi o ke kani ultrasonic kiʻekiʻe ma biodiesel hana

ʻO ke kī i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka biodiesel ʻo ia ka catalytic transesterification o ka fatty acid glyceride me ka methanol a me nā waiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Hiki i ka Ultrasound ke hoʻoikaika i ka hopena transesterification, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā ʻōnaehana heterogeneous, hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka hopena o ka hui ʻana (emulsification) a hoʻoikaika i ka hopena molecular contact indirect, no laila e koi ʻia ka hopena ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. hiki ke hoʻopau i ka lumi wela (a kokoke i ka lumi wela), A hoʻopōkole i ka manawa pane.ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ka hawewe kani ultrasonic i ke kaʻina transesterification, akā i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hui ʻana.Ua hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Mississippi State ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hana ultrasonic i ka hana ʻana o ka biodiesel.ʻOi aku ka hua o ka biodiesel ma mua o 99% i loko o 5 mau minuke, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōnaehana reactor maʻamau ma mua o 1 hola.